The figure of the goddess with upraised arms is found almost wherever the archetypal
figure of the Feminine appears. Erich Neumann gives two possible interpretations
of this arm posture, both of which he says amount to the same thing. The one interpretation
stresses the magical character of the attitude, which is accordingly assumed by
priests or priestesses of the Great Goddess or by supplicants who wish to establish
contact with her. In the other interpretation, the angular attitude of the arms
signifies not worship but the divine posture of "epiphany," of the moment in which
the godhead appears. Upraised arms as an attitude of prayer are not only typical
for Egypt but are widely distributed elsewhere as well; including the shrine of
Gournia, Crete, Mycenae, Troy, Cyprus, Greece and India. This gesture of epiphany
is appropriate to the Great Mother when she stands on the earth, as in Egypt.
When the lower part of the pre-Greek Goddess is undifferentiated like a bell or
platform it reminds us of Gaia, the Earth Mother, whose womb coincides with the
earth, the lower territory of fertility. See The Great Mother, An Analysis
of the Archetype by Erich Neumann,Translated from the German by Ralph Manheim,
Bollingen Series XLVII, Princeton University Press,1972 (with a dedication to
C. G. Jung).